An Analysis of the Origins of Majaz Mursal in Quran Surah Al-Mulk : A Rhetorical Study

Abstract

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the forms of Maj?z Mursal in Surah Al-Mulk, identify the types of 'al?qah (relationships) that constitute their origins, and uncover the rhetorical secrets (sirr al-bal?gh?) and aesthetic implications behind their usage. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research design. Using a rhetorical approach based on 'Ilm al-Bay?n (the science of rhetoric and figurative language), the primary data is drawn from the verses of Surah Al-Mulk, supported by authoritative classical texts on Balaghah and Tafsir as secondary data. The data were collected through documentation and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method via content analysis. The results reveal that the use of Maj?z Mursal in Surah Al-Mulk is not merely a linguistic ornament but a profound instrument for theological argumentation. The study identified several forms of Maj?z Mursal rooted in various logical relationships ('al?qah), primarily Mahalliyyah (spatial/locative relationship, as in verse 13), Juz'iyyah (part-for-whole relationship, as in verse 22), Sababiyyah (cause-for-effect relationship, as in verse 10), and Musabbabiyyah (effect-for-cause relationship, as in verse 4). Rhetorically, the shift from literal to figurative meanings through these relationships functions to maximize psychological and rational persuasion. This figurative style effectively achieves brevity while expanding meaning (al-?j?z wa ittis?' al-ma'n?), creates a dramatic visual representation of spiritual degradation, emphasizes causality in salvation theology, and hyperbolically demonstrates human powerlessness before the absolute power of Allah.